Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-8040

High

Published: 22 July 2025

Published
22 July 2025
Modified
13 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0011 29.7th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-8040 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Drive-by Compromise (T1189); ranked at the 29.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Drive-by Compromise (T1189) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly requires timely identification, reporting, and correction of flaws like the memory safety bugs in CVE-2025-8040 through patching to Firefox/Thunderbird 141/ESR 140.1.

prevent

Implements memory safeguards such as non-executable memory regions and address randomization to prevent exploitation of memory corruption bugs for arbitrary code execution.

detect

Enables vulnerability scanning to identify and prioritize memory safety issues like CVE-2025-8040 in affected Firefox and Thunderbird installations.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
Why these techniques?

Memory corruption bugs directly enable remote arbitrary code execution in browser/mail client via malicious site/content (drive-by).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 140.0, Thunderbird ESR 140.0, Firefox 140 and Thunderbird 140. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to…

more

run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 141, Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird 141, and Thunderbird 140.1.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-8040 is a set of memory safety bugs (CWE-119) affecting Firefox ESR 140.0, Thunderbird ESR 140.0, Firefox 140, and Thunderbird 140. These bugs involve improper restriction of operations within memory bounds, with some demonstrating evidence of memory corruption. Mozilla presumes that sufficient effort could enable exploitation for arbitrary code execution.

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no required privileges, but it necessitates user interaction, such as visiting a malicious site or engaging with crafted content. Successful exploitation could result in high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability violations (CVSS 8.8: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), potentially allowing arbitrary code execution within the browser or mail client context.

Mozilla's security advisories (MFSA 2025-56, 59, 61, 63) and related Bugzilla entries detail the fixes applied in Firefox 141, Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird 141, and Thunderbird 140.1. Security practitioners should prioritize updating affected installations to these patched versions to mitigate the risk.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

mozilla
firefox
≤ 140.1 · ≤ 141.0
mozilla
thunderbird
≤ 140.1 · ≤ 141.0

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2025-9179Same product: Mozilla Firefox

References