CVE-2025-8181
Published: 26 July 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-8181 is a high-severity Incorrect Privilege Assignment (CWE-266) vulnerability in Totolink N600R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).
Operationally, ranked in the top 21.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-8181 affects the FTP service component in TOTOLINK N600R and X2000R firmware version 1.0.0.1. The issue resides in an unspecified portion of the vsftpd.conf file, where improper configuration permits a least-privilege violation. The flaw is tracked under CWE-266 and CWE-272 and carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.6, reflecting network-accessible attack conditions with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
An authenticated remote attacker with administrative credentials on the FTP service can manipulate the configuration to bypass intended privilege restrictions, potentially gaining elevated control over the router's file-transfer functions and underlying system resources. The attack requires no user interaction and can be launched over the network.
The associated EPSS score remains flat at 0.0107 with no observed increase after disclosure, indicating limited public exploitation interest to date. No vendor advisories or patch details are referenced in the available sources.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-22784
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK N600R and X2000R 1.0.0.1. This affects an unknown part of the file vsftpd.conf of the component FTP Service. The manipulation leads to least privilege violation. It is possible to…
more
initiate the attack remotely.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Designation of a manager and policy dissemination ensures privileges are assigned according to defined roles.
Regular reviews catch incorrect privilege assignments to users, roles, or processes.
Explicitly specifying privileges and group/role memberships for accounts reduces the risk of incorrect privilege assignments.
The control requires explicit definition of separated access authorizations, making incorrect privilege assignments that bundle conflicting duties harder to implement.
Enforces the least privilege principle to avoid violations of minimal necessary access.
Enforcing only the minimal set of functionality implements least privilege by eliminating unneeded capabilities that could be abused.
The control mandates acknowledgment of least-privilege expectations, making violations by authorized users less likely.
Risk Executive role ensures least privilege is applied uniformly rather than left to individual system owners or projects.