Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-8231

MediumPublic PoC

Published: 27 July 2025

Published
27 July 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 5.2 CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0046 64.6th percentile
Risk Priority 11 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-8231 is a medium-severity Use of Hard-coded Password (CWE-259) vulnerability in Dlink Dir-890L Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 5.2 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Default Accounts (T1078.001); ranked in the top 35.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DIR-890L up to 111b04. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file rgbin of the component UART Port. The manipulation leads to hard-coded credentials. It is possible…

more

to launch the attack on the physical device. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1078.001 Default Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
T1110.001 Password Guessing Credential Access
Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts.
Why these techniques?

Hard-coded credentials in rgbin binary for UART port enable use of default accounts (T1078.001) for physical access, discovery of credentials in files (T1552.001), and password guessing as noted in advisory (T1110.001).

Affected Assets

dlink
dir-890l firmware
≤ 1.11b04

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-259 CWE-798

Changing default authenticators prior to first use directly prevents use of hard-coded passwords.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-259

Intelligence programs surface reports of campaigns that abuse hard-coded credentials in products, prompting removal or replacement and thereby reducing successful exploitation.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-259

Vetting reduces the chance a developer will deliberately insert hard-coded credentials as a backdoor or unauthorized access mechanism.

addresses: CWE-798 CWE-259

Supplier risk reviews identify and discourage hard-coded credentials in delivered products or services.

addresses: CWE-798

Enables users to notice when hard-coded credentials have been exploited for unauthorized access.

addresses: CWE-798

Security training explicitly warns against hard-coded credentials, lowering their use in systems.

addresses: CWE-798

Policy and procedures prohibit hard-coded credentials in favor of managed authentication.

addresses: CWE-798

External identity providers eliminate the need for hard-coded credentials in applications.

References