Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-12297

Memory Safety in Mozilla Firefox ≤ 115.37.0

Memory Safety
Published
16 June 2026
Modified
15 July 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0039 33th percentile
Risk Priority 67 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2026-12297 is a critical-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox. Its CVSS base score is 9.6 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Process Injection (T1055); ranked at the 33th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-2 (Separation of System and User Functionality) and SC-3 (Security Function Isolation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A06:2025 Insecure Design

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 152, Firefox ESR 140.12, Firefox ESR 115.37, Thunderbird 152, and Thunderbird 140.12.

CWE(s)
CWE-119CWE-653

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1055 Process Injection Stealth
Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1134 Access Token Manipulation Stealth
Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-4083Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-4692Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2025-9179Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2025-10537Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-0892Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-84145Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-4710Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-6776Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-74987Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-6764Same product: Mozilla Firefox

Affected Assets

mozilla
firefox
≤ 115.37.0 · ≤ 152.0.0 · 128.0 — 140.12.0
mozilla
thunderbird
≤ 140.12.0 · ≤ 152.0.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 7 hardening rules · 6 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SC-3 Security Function Isolation good match

Security function isolation is the canonical mechanism for protecting higher-privilege compartments.

SC-39 Process Isolation good match

Process isolation maintains separate execution domains so one process cannot affect another’s privilege level.

SC-2 Separation of System and User Functionality good match

Explicit separation of user and management functionality implements the required compartmentalization.

SC-32 System Partitioning good match

System partitioning creates distinct domains that enforce isolation between differently privileged components.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match

Access enforcement directly requires approved authorizations to be applied to compartmentalized resources.

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement partial match

Information flow enforcement structurally prevents unauthorized mixing of data or functions across privilege boundaries.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.

PR.AA-05 partial match
prevents

Least-privilege policy directly enforces separation of privilege levels and access rights.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network and environment segmentation implements the isolation required to prevent unauthorized cross-compartment access.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.15 Access control partial match
degrades

Access control policies establish the boundaries that isolation must enforce.

A.5.18 Access rights partial match
degrades

Managing access rights is the operational mechanism for compartmentalizing privileges.

A.5.3 Segregation of duties partial match
prevents

Segregation of duties directly enforces separation of privilege levels and functions.

A.8.2 Privileged access rights partial match
mitigates

Privileged access rights require strict isolation from ordinary user contexts.

A.8.22 Segregation of networks partial match
prevents

Network segregation is a classic technical control for isolating different privilege domains.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (higher-evidence rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271452 OL 9 must use a Linux Security Module configured to enforce limits on system services. prevents CWE-653
RHEL 9 (2 rules)
  • V-258078 RHEL 9 must use a Linux Security Module configured to enforce limits on system services. prevents CWE-653
  • V-272496 RHEL 9 must elevate the SELinux context when an administrator calls the sudo command. prevents CWE-653
Windows 10 (1 rule)
  • V-220712 Only accounts responsible for the administration of a system must have Administrator rights on the system. prevents CWE-653
Windows Server 2016 (1 rule)
  • V-225007 Only administrators responsible for the member server or standalone or nondomain-joined system must have Administrator rights on the system. prevents CWE-653

References