Cyber Posture

CVE-2026-20946

High

Published: 13 January 2026

Published
13 January 2026
Modified
16 January 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0003 8.2th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2026-20946 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125) vulnerability in Microsoft Office Long Term Servicing Channel. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 8.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly requires timely remediation of the out-of-bounds read vulnerability through patching Microsoft Office Excel as specified by the vendor.

prevent

Implements memory protection mechanisms such as address space layout randomization and data execution prevention to mitigate exploitation of the out-of-bounds read for code execution.

preventdetect

Deploys malicious code protection tools to scan and block malicious Excel files that exploit the vulnerability prior to user interaction.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1204.002 Malicious File Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution.
Why these techniques?

Out-of-bounds read in Excel enables local arbitrary code execution when a user opens a malicious file, directly mapping to Exploitation for Client Execution and User Execution via Malicious File.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2026-20946 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability, classified under CWE-125, affecting Microsoft Office Excel. Published on 2026-01-13, the flaw enables an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

The vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthorized local attacker who requires low-complexity techniques and user interaction, such as convincing a user to open a malicious Excel file. No privileges are needed (PR:N), and exploitation remains confined to the local system without scope changes (S:U). Successful attacks allow arbitrary code execution with high-impact consequences across all security principles.

Microsoft's Security Response Center provides an update guide for mitigation at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-20946, detailing patches and recommended actions for affected systems.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
365 apps
all versions
microsoft
excel
2016
microsoft
office
2019
microsoft
office long term servicing channel
2021, 2024

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References