Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-23845

SSRF in Axllent Mailpit ≤ 1.28.3

Public PoCSSRF
Published
19 January 2026
Modified
05 February 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0039 32th percentile
Risk Priority 46 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-23845 is a medium-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Axllent Mailpit. Its CVSS base score is 5.8 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 32th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-23845 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability, classified under CWE-918, affecting Mailpit, an email testing tool and API for developers. Versions prior to 1.28.3 are vulnerable through the HTML Check feature at the `/api/v1/message/{ID}/html-check` endpoint, which analyzes HTML emails for compatibility. Specifically, the `inlineRemoteCSS()` function automatically downloads CSS files referenced in external `<link rel="stylesheet" href="...">` tags to inline them, without validation of the URLs. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N), indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, with changed scope and low confidentiality impact.

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely without authentication by sending a malicious HTML email containing a crafted external CSS link to a Mailpit instance, then triggering the HTML Check endpoint on that message ID. This causes the server to make unauthorized requests to arbitrary URLs specified in the CSS href, potentially allowing access to internal network resources or metadata from external services. The impact is limited to low confidentiality, enabling attackers to retrieve limited sensitive information, such as internal service responses, depending on network configuration.

Mitigation is available in Mailpit version 1.28.3, which addresses the issue in the `inlineRemoteCSS()` function. Security practitioners should upgrade to this version or later. Relevant advisories and fixes are detailed in the GitHub security advisory (GHSA-6jxm-fv7w-rw5j), the release notes for v1.28.3, and the fixing commit (1679a0aba592ebc8487a996d37fea8318c984dfe).

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Versions prior to 1.28.3 are vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via HTML Check CSS Download. The HTML Check feature (`/api/v1/message/{ID}/html-check`) is designed to analyze HTML emails for compatibility. During…

more

this process, the `inlineRemoteCSS()` function automatically downloads CSS files from external `<link rel="stylesheet" href="...">` tags to inline them for testing. Version 1.28.3 fixes the issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-21859Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-45709Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-27808Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-23829Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-22689Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-45711Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-48824Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-45712Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2026-45713Same product: Axllent Mailpit
CVE-2025-46568Shared CWE-918

Affected Assets

axllent
mailpit
≤ 1.28.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.6
  • V1.5.3
  • V5.3.2
  • V10.4.7

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Information flow enforcement can restrict which destinations the server is allowed to contact on behalf of users.

Input validation directly stops untrusted URLs from being accepted and fetched without destination checks.

Boundary protection limits the network reach of server-initiated requests even if SSRF occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly include input validation and destination allow-listing that prevent SSRF.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of web applications and services can detect anomalous outbound requests indicative of SSRF.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network segmentation and egress controls can limit the damage from successful SSRF requests.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Operational threat data describing SSRF campaigns can be used to tighten outbound-request allow-lists and detection rules before attackers exploit them.

References