CVE-2026-25990

HighUpdated

Published: 11 February 2026

Published

11 February 2026

Modified

30 June 2026

KEV Added

—

Patch

12 February 2026

CVSS Score v4 8.6 CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS Score 0.0037 28.9th percentile

Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-25990 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Python Pillow. Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 28.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as Computer Vision; in the Data-Related Vulnerabilities risk domain.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and CM-2 (Baseline Configuration).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2026-25990 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability (CWE-787) in Pillow, a Python imaging library. It affects versions from 10.3.0 up to but not including 12.1.1 and can be triggered by loading a specially crafted PSD image. The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), reflecting high availability impact with no confidentiality or integrity effects.

Any remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability without privileges or user interaction by supplying a malicious PSD image to a vulnerable application using Pillow for image processing. Exploitation leads to an out-of-bounds write, typically resulting in denial-of-service via application crash or memory corruption.

Pillow version 12.1.1 resolves the vulnerability through a specific commit at https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/9000313cc5d4a31bdcdd6d7f0781101abab553aa. Further details appear in the project's GitHub security advisory at https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-cfh3-3jmp-rvhc and an oss-security mailing list post at http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/02/12/1. Mitigation requires updating to Pillow 12.1.1 or later.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2026-6218

Vulnerability details

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 10.3.0 to before 12.1.1, an out-of-bounds write may be triggered when loading a specially crafted PSD image. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.1.1.

CWE(s): CWE-787

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category: Computer Vision
Risk Domain: Data-Related Vulnerabilities
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025: None mapped
Classification Reason: Matched keywords: pillow

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OOB write in remote image-processing library (PSD) directly enables remote exploitation of public-facing apps (T1190) to trigger application DoS via crafted input (T1499.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0