Cyber Posture

CVE-2026-28817

High

Published: 25 March 2026

Published
25 March 2026
Modified
25 March 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0001 2.6th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2026-28817 is a high-severity Race Condition (CWE-362) vulnerability in Apple Macos. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 2.6th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-25 (Reference Monitor) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Reference monitor enforces complete mediation of all sandbox access decisions, preventing race condition exploits that circumvent restrictions through flawed state handling.

prevent

Process isolation maintains distinct execution domains for sandboxed processes, directly mitigating race-based escapes from sandbox confines.

prevent

Access enforcement implements sandbox policies with robust state handling to block unauthorized access attempts exploiting race conditions.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

Race condition in macOS sandbox state handling directly enables exploitation of a software vulnerability to bypass sandbox restrictions and escalate privileges (T1068).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

A race condition was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. A sandboxed process may be able to circumvent sandbox restrictions.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2026-28817 is a race condition vulnerability (CWE-362) addressed through improved state handling in macOS. It affects macOS Sequoia versions prior to 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma prior to 14.8.5, and macOS Tahoe prior to 26.4. The flaw enables a sandboxed process to circumvent sandbox restrictions, earning a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A local attacker can exploit this vulnerability with no privileges required, though it demands high attack complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation allows the sandboxed process to escape its restrictions, potentially granting elevated access and resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability due to the changed scope.

Apple's security advisories detail the mitigation, confirming the issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, and macOS Tahoe 26.4 via enhanced state handling. Relevant updates are documented at https://support.apple.com/en-us/126794, https://support.apple.com/en-us/126795, and https://support.apple.com/en-us/126796.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

apple
macos
14.0 — 14.8.5 · 15.0 — 15.7.5 · 26.0 — 26.4

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References