Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-24228

High

Published: 31 March 2025

Published
31 March 2025
Modified
02 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0006 19.3th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-24228 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125) vulnerability in Apple Macos. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 19.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-2 (Separation of System and User Functionality) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates CVE-2025-24228 by requiring timely flaw remediation through patching to the fixed macOS versions that address the buffer overflow.

prevent

Implements memory protections that counter buffer overflow vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-24228, preventing arbitrary code execution with kernel privileges.

prevent

Separates user app functionality from kernel functionality, blocking escalation to kernel privileges exploited via the buffer overflow in CVE-2025-24228.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability is a local buffer overflow in macOS that allows an unprivileged app to achieve arbitrary code execution with kernel privileges, directly enabling T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-24228 is a buffer overflow vulnerability addressed by improved memory handling in macOS. It affects macOS Sequoia versions prior to 15.4, macOS Sonoma prior to 14.7.5, and macOS Ventura prior to 13.7.5. Published on 2025-03-31, the issue is linked to CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A local attacker can exploit this vulnerability through an app, requiring low complexity and user interaction but no special privileges. Successful exploitation enables the app to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges, potentially leading to high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Apple security advisories confirm the issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, and macOS Ventura 13.7.5. Mitigation involves updating affected systems to these or later versions, as detailed in support documents at https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373, https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374, https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375, and Full Disclosure mailing list entries at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10 and http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

apple
macos
13.0 — 13.7.5 · 14.0 — 14.7.5 · 15.0 — 15.4

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References