Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-41292

MediumDDoS

Published: 20 May 2026

Published
20 May 2026
Modified
20 May 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 6.6 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red
EPSS Score 0.0043 34.3th percentile
Risk Priority 13 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2026-41292 is a medium-severity Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity (CWE-407) vulnerability in Nlnetlabs Unbound. Its CVSS base score is 6.6 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 34.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 is vulnerable to a degradation of service attack related to parsing long lists of incoming EDNS options. An adversary sending queries with too many EDNS options can hold Unbound threads hostage…

more

while they are parsing and creating internal data structures for the options. Coordinated attacks can result in degradation and/or denial of service. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix to limit acceptable incoming EDNS options (100).

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Direct resource exhaustion DoS via algorithmic complexity in EDNS option parsing (CWE-407/770) maps to application exploitation for endpoint DoS.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-42944Same product: Nlnetlabs Unbound
CVE-2026-42959Same product: Nlnetlabs Unbound
CVE-2026-42960Same product: Nlnetlabs Unbound
CVE-2026-33278Same product: Nlnetlabs Unbound
CVE-2026-34827Shared CWE-407, CWE-770
CVE-2026-3260Shared CWE-770
CVE-2025-27219Shared CWE-770
CVE-2026-29772Shared CWE-770
CVE-2026-1850Shared CWE-770
CVE-2020-37038Shared CWE-770

Affected Assets

nlnetlabs
unbound
≤ 1.25.1

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-770 CWE-407

Requires throttling and limits on resource allocation to prevent exhaustion.

addresses: CWE-770

This control implements explicit throttling on session allocation, addressing the weakness of allocating resources without limits.

addresses: CWE-770

Plan testing exercises resource allocation limits and throttling during simulated failures, directly addressing weaknesses that allow unbounded resource use.

addresses: CWE-770

Contingency plan updates ensure recovery strategies address unbounded resource allocation, making it harder for attackers to exploit lack of throttling to cause prolonged outages.

addresses: CWE-770

Provides continuity when unbounded resource allocation at the primary site leads to exhaustion and downtime.

addresses: CWE-770

Alternate services allow operations to continue when primary allocation of resources lacks limits or throttling.

addresses: CWE-770

Explicit planning of security-related actions requires defining limits, windows, and resource allocations, making allocation without throttling far less likely.

addresses: CWE-770

Measures of performance include tracking allocation behavior and throttling effectiveness, reducing the window for resource exhaustion attacks.

References