Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-45411

Vm2 Project Vm2 ≤ 3.11.3

Public PoC
Published
13 May 2026
Modified
06 August 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0057 44th percentile
Risk Priority 72 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-45411 is a critical-severity Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (CWE-668) vulnerability in Vm2 Project Vm2. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Cloud Instance Metadata API (T1552.005); ranked at the 44th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A01:2025 Broken Access Control

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited…

more

on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.

CWE(s)
CWE-668CWE-237

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552.007 Container API Credential Access
Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment.
attack.mitre.org →
T1039 Data from Network Shared Drive Collection
Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest.
attack.mitre.org →
T1530 Data from Cloud Storage Collection
Adversaries may access data from cloud storage.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-44008Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2026-44009Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2026-44004Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2023-37466Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2026-44006Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2026-43999Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2023-29017Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2023-29199Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2026-43997Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2
CVE-2026-44005Same product: Vm2 Project Vm2

Affected Assets

vm2 project
vm2
≤ 3.11.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 8 hardening rules · 7 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V2.2.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

Access enforcement directly stops resources from being reachable by actors outside the intended control sphere.

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement good match

Information flow enforcement structurally prevents unintended cross-sphere data or resource exposure.

AC-6 Least Privilege good match

Least privilege reduces the set of actors that can reach a resource, limiting wrong-sphere exposure.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation enforces correct handling of structural elements before they reach processing logic.

AC-16 Security and Privacy Attributes partial match

Security attributes enable correct sphere assignment and subsequent enforcement decisions.

SC-7 Boundary Protection partial match

Boundary protection at interfaces prevents resources from being exposed outside authorized spheres.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Enforcing least-privilege authorizations directly prevents resources from being exposed outside their intended control sphere.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require correct parsing and validation of complex input structures.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover instances of improper structural input handling.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability disclosure handling can surface structural-element weaknesses reported by external parties.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network segmentation and unauthorized-access protections reduce the chance of resources being reachable by the wrong sphere.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development can detect weaknesses related to improper handling of complex structures.

A.8.22 Segregation of networks partial match
mitigates

Placing systems of differing trust levels into separate domains prevents resources from being placed in a sphere where they are reachable by unintended actors.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle requires structured input validation and error handling that can mitigate improper handling of complex structures.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements typically mandate robust parsing and validation of structured data inputs.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure system architecture principles include defensive design against malformed or complex structural inputs.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards directly address proper handling and validation of structured data elements.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248827 OL 8 must not have the rsh-server package installed. prevents CWE-668
  • V-248823 OL 8 must not have the telnet-server package installed. prevents CWE-668
RHEL 7 (1 rule)
  • V-204442 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must not have the rsh-server package installed. prevents CWE-668
Windows 10 (1 rule)
  • V-220967 The Debug programs user right must only be assigned to the Administrators group. prevents CWE-668
Windows 11 (1 rule)
  • V-253490 The "Debug programs" user right must only be assigned to the Administrators group. prevents CWE-668
Windows Server 2016 (1 rule)
  • V-225079 The Debug programs user right must only be assigned to the Administrators group. prevents CWE-668
Windows Server 2019 (1 rule)
  • V-205757 Windows Server 2019 Debug programs: user right must only be assigned to the Administrators group. prevents CWE-668
Windows Server 2022 (1 rule)
  • V-254500 Windows Server 2022 debug programs user right must only be assigned to the Administrators group. prevents CWE-668

References