CVE-2026-24781
Published: 04 May 2026
Summary
CVE-2026-24781 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Vm2 Project Vm2. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 36.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2026-24781 is a sandbox breakout vulnerability in vm2, an open source virtual machine and sandbox for Node.js applications. Affecting versions prior to 3.11.0, the flaw exists in the inspect function, enabling attackers to craft code that escapes the VM2 sandbox isolation. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-94 (Code Injection) and CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure).
Remote attackers require no privileges or user interaction to exploit this issue over the network with low complexity. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary command execution on the host system, potentially leading to full compromise including high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability violations.
The vulnerability has been patched in vm2 version 3.11.0, as detailed in the project's GitHub security advisory (GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c) and release notes. Multiple commits address the issue, including 8d30d93213c1898b3e035298b89a814970dd1189, bdd3d15e57bc4ec5e70365cd79f7cb0256e5f88c, and fd266d084e0a3322d0f71ba2a8dc4c96cd030228, with users advised to upgrade immediately.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2026-26987
Vulnerability details
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands…
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on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Sandbox escape in vm2 enables remote code injection (CWE-94) leading to arbitrary command execution on the host. Directly maps to exploiting a public-facing Node.js application (T1190), JavaScript command interpreter abuse (T1059.007), and privilege escalation via isolation bypass (T1068).
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Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly remediates the sandbox breakout vulnerability in vm2 prior to version 3.11.0 by requiring timely patching to prevent arbitrary command execution via the inspect function.
Scans for and identifies vulnerable versions of the vm2 Node.js sandbox library affected by CVE-2026-24781, enabling proactive flaw remediation.
Restricts deployment and execution of unapproved or vulnerable software such as outdated vm2 versions, mitigating risk of sandbox escape exploitation.