Cyber Resilience

CVE-2018-25241

HighPublic PoC

Published: 04 April 2026

Published
04 April 2026
Modified
16 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 8.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0036 27.7th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2018-25241 is a high-severity Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306) vulnerability in Microsoft (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 27.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-5 (Denial-of-service Protection) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2018-25241 is a denial-of-service vulnerability in VPN Browser+ version 1.1.0.0. The flaw arises from the application's failure to handle oversized input properly through its search functionality, leading to an unhandled exception that crashes the application. This issue is classified under CWE-306 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), indicating high availability impact with no confidentiality or integrity effects.

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. By pasting a large buffer of characters into the search bar, an attacker triggers the unhandled exception, terminating the VPN Browser+ application and denying service to the user.

Advisories and references, including an Exploit-DB entry at https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46198 providing a proof-of-concept, the Microsoft Store product page at https://www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9NFFFFS5Z2C7, and a VulnCheck advisory at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vpn-browser-denial-of-service, document the issue but do not specify patches or mitigations in the available details. Practitioners should verify updates for VPN Browser+ and consider avoiding version 1.1.0.0.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

VPN Browser+ 1.1.0.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to crash the application by submitting oversized input through the search functionality. Attackers can paste a large buffer of characters into the search bar to trigger an…

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unhandled exception that terminates the application.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Direct match to application exploitation causing endpoint DoS via unhandled oversized input crash.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-55222Shared CWE-306
CVE-2024-48882Shared CWE-306
CVE-2025-55221Shared CWE-306
CVE-2018-25246Shared CWE-306
CVE-2025-15620Shared CWE-306
CVE-2025-23417Shared CWE-306
CVE-2019-25686Shared CWE-306
CVE-2026-34731Shared CWE-306
CVE-2025-26361Shared CWE-306
CVE-2024-8053Shared CWE-306

Affected Assets

Microsoft
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

SI-10 directly prevents crashes by requiring validation of search functionality inputs to reject oversized buffers before processing.

prevent

SI-11 ensures unhandled exceptions from oversized inputs are managed gracefully without terminating the application.

prevent

SC-5 implements denial-of-service protections to limit the effects of oversized input attacks targeting application availability.

References