Cyber Resilience

CVE-2018-6789

Memory Safety in Debian Linux 7.0 … 9.0

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRansomware-linkedMemory Safety
Published
08 February 2018
Modified
07 November 2025
KEV Added
03 November 2021
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.82 99.6th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2018-6789 is a critical-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Debian Debian Linux. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 0.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability is a buffer overflow (CWE-120) in the base64d function within the SMTP listener component of Exim versions prior to 4.90.1. It was assigned CVE-2018-6789 with a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible attack conditions that require no authentication or user interaction.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the flaw by sending a specially crafted message to the SMTP listener, triggering the overflow to achieve arbitrary code execution on the affected server with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.

Advisories referenced in public disclosure lists indicate that the issue is resolved by upgrading to Exim 4.90.1 or later. No additional real-world exploitation details or AI/ML considerations are provided in the source data.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An issue was discovered in the base64d function in the SMTP listener in Exim before 4.90.1. By sending a handcrafted message, a buffer overflow may happen. This can be used to execute code remotely.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
03 November 2021

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2019-10149Same product: Canonical Ubuntu Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2010-4344Same product: Canonical Ubuntu Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2019-16928Same product: Canonical Ubuntu Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2010-4345Same product: Canonical Ubuntu Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2022-0543Same product: Canonical Ubuntu Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2023-33009Shared CWE-120both on KEV
CVE-2025-43520Shared CWE-120both on KEV
CVE-2021-30983Shared CWE-120both on KEV
CVE-2006-2492Shared CWE-120both on KEV
CVE-2013-1331Shared CWE-120both on KEV

Affected Assets

exim
exim
≤ 4.90.1
debian
debian linux
7.0, 8.0, 9.0
canonical
ubuntu linux
14.04, 16.04, 17.10

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-120

Platform-independent managed code eliminates the need for unchecked native buffer copies that are the root cause of classic buffer overflows.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly enforce bounds checking and input validation that prevent classic buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

References