Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XCVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.
Summary
CVE-2019-25470 is a high-severity Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unsecured Credentials (T1552); ranked at the 32th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to IA-5 (Authenticator Management) and SC-12 (Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2019-25470 is an authentication bypass vulnerability (CWE-798) affecting eWON Firmware versions 12.2 to 13.0. The flaw resides in the wsdReadForm endpoint, where attackers can retrieve sensitive user data, including encrypted passwords for all users. These passwords are protected only by a hardcoded XOR key, enabling straightforward decryption once obtained. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N), indicating high confidentiality impact with no requirements for privileges, user interaction, or special conditions.
Remote attackers with network access to the affected device can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted POST requests to the /wrcgi.bin/wsdReadForm endpoint. These requests include base64-encoded partial credentials and a manipulated wsdList parameter, bypassing authentication restrictions despite the description noting minimal privileges. Successful exploitation allows extraction of all user encrypted passwords, which can then be decrypted using the known hardcoded XOR key, potentially granting full administrative access if default or weak passwords are in use.
Advisories and additional details are available from the vendor at https://www.ewon.biz, a proof-of-concept exploit at https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47380, and a VulnCheck analysis at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ewon-firmware-authentication-bypass-via-wsdreadform, which likely outline patching or mitigation recommendations for firmware upgrades beyond version 13.0.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2019-19744
Vulnerability Data
eWON Firmware versions 12.2 to 13.0 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows attackers with minimal privileges to retrieve sensitive user data by exploiting the wsdReadForm endpoint. Attackers can send POST requests to /wrcgi.bin/wsdReadForm with base64-encoded partial credentials and a…
more
crafted wsdList parameter to extract encrypted passwords for all users, which can be decrypted using a hardcoded XOR key.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Authenticator management requires secure distribution and handling of credentials, structurally discouraging hard-coded values.
Cryptographic key management mandates proper establishment and handling instead of embedding keys in code.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.AA-01's credential/key-management processes can reduce the incentive to embed secrets but do not address or detect hard-coded values in source code, so the weakness remains fully possible.
PR.AA-02 addresses human identity proofing and per-person credential issuance at enrollment; it has no bearing on whether developers embed static credentials in software.
PR.DS-01 addresses encryption and integrity of stored data but never touches credential or key management practices, so it neither prevents hard-coded credentials nor removes any of their risk.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Education on secure configuration practices discourages technical staff from embedding or relying on hard-coded credentials in systems and applications.
Secure key-generation, distribution and storage procedures reduce the likelihood that hard-coded or default cryptographic keys will be introduced or left unprotected.
Explicit prohibition of hard-coded passwords and unauthenticated external services stops credentials from being embedded directly in source code.
Contractual requirements for secure coding practices and evidence of testing make it less likely that hard-coded credentials will be introduced or remain undetected in delivered code.