Cyber Resilience

CVE-2021-22555

Memory Safety in Linux Kernel 2.6.19 – 4.4.267

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCMemory Safety
Published
07 July 2021
Modified
27 October 2025
KEV Added
06 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.79 99.6th percentile
Risk Priority 85 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2021-22555 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Linux Linux Kernel. Its CVSS base score is 8.3 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 0.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability was discovered in the Linux kernel's net/netfilter/x_tables.c file, affecting versions since v2.6.19-rc1. The flaw, assigned CVE-2021-22555 and CWE-787, resides in the netfilter subsystem and can result in heap memory corruption.

An attacker with access to a user namespace can exploit the issue to escalate privileges or trigger a denial of service. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.3, reflecting an adjacent-network attack vector with high complexity but no required privileges or user interaction, and potential impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability in certain configurations.

Public references include multiple kernel live-patch notices (LSN-0080-1, LSN-0081-1, LSN-0083-1) that address the flaw, along with proof-of-concept code demonstrating privilege-escalation and heap-out-of-bounds write exploitation.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A heap out-of-bounds write affecting Linux since v2.6.19-rc1 was discovered in net/netfilter/x_tables.c. This allows an attacker to gain privileges or cause a DoS (via heap memory corruption) through user name space

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
06 October 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-2124Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-35788Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-4863Same product class: NAS / storage applianceboth on KEV
CVE-2024-26733Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-4911Same product: Netapp H300Sboth on KEV
CVE-2023-35001Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2022-0435Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-2911Same product: Netapp H300S
CVE-2020-15999Same product class: NAS / storage applianceboth on KEV
CVE-2023-2598Same product: Linux Linux Kernel

Affected Assets

netapp
c400 firmware
all versions
netapp
c250 firmware
all versions
netapp
h410c firmware
all versions
netapp
h300s firmware
all versions
netapp
h500s firmware
all versions
netapp
h700s firmware
all versions
netapp
h410s firmware
all versions
linux
linux kernel
2.6.19 — 4.4.267 · 4.5 — 4.9.267 · 4.10 — 4.14.231
brocade
fabric operating system
all versions
netapp
fas 8300 firmware
all versions
+11 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-787

Out-of-bounds writes that corrupt control flow or inject shellcode are rendered non-executable by the same memory protections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References