Cyber Resilience

CVE-2021-30666

Memory Safety in Apple Iphone Os ≤ 12.5.3

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedMemory Safety
Published
08 September 2021
Modified
23 October 2025
KEV Added
03 November 2021
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.030 86th percentile
Risk Priority 90 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2021-30666 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Apple Iphone Os. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Process Injection (T1055); ranked in the top 14% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A buffer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2021-30666 and assigned CWE-119, affects iOS versions prior to 12.5.3. The flaw stems from improper memory handling when processing web content and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8, reflecting network attack vectors with low complexity and no required privileges.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the issue by supplying maliciously crafted web content that a victim processes, typically through a browser or WebKit-based application. Successful exploitation results in arbitrary code execution, granting the attacker full control over confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the device.

Apple addressed the vulnerability with improved memory handling in the iOS 12.5.3 release, as detailed in its security advisory HT212341. The CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog lists the CVE, confirming active exploitation in the wild and underscoring the need for immediate patching on supported devices.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 12.5.3. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been…

more

actively exploited..

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
03 November 2021

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1055 Process Injection Stealth
Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-30762Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2021-30761Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2016-4656Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2016-4657Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2019-7287Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2018-4344Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2026-20700Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2025-31200Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2016-4655Same product: Apple Iphone Osboth on KEV
CVE-2024-44238Same product: Apple Iphone Os

Affected Assets

apple
iphone os
≤ 12.5.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.3.2

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-119

Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.

addresses: CWE-119

Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.

addresses: CWE-119

Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.

addresses: CWE-119

Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (bounds checking, safe APIs, reviews) directly prevent this class of flaw.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-safety rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safe design patterns that mitigate buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer operations, directly eliminating CWE-119.

References