Cyber Resilience

CVE-2022-39986

RCE in Raspap 2.8.0 – 2.8.7

Public PoCHigh EPSSRCECommand Injection
Published
01 August 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2022-39986 is a critical-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Raspap Raspap. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

RaspAP versions 2.8.0 through 2.8.7 contain a command injection vulnerability tracked as CVE-2022-39986. The flaw resides in the OpenVPN-related AJAX endpoints activate_ovpncfg.php and del_ovpncfg.php, where the cfg_id parameter is passed directly to system commands without sanitization, corresponding to CWE-77.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can supply crafted values for cfg_id to execute arbitrary operating-system commands with the privileges of the web server process. Successful exploitation grants full control over the affected device, including the ability to read or modify files, install persistent access, or pivot within the network, consistent with the CVSS 9.8 rating reflecting network-accessible attack complexity with no required credentials or user interaction.

The associated EPSS score has reached 0.93 with no subsequent decline, indicating sustained exploitation interest following public disclosure. Public proof-of-concept material and packet captures have been posted to repositories such as Packet Storm, confirming that the vulnerable code paths remain reachable in default installations.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A Command injection vulnerability in RaspAP 2.8.0 thru 2.8.7 allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the cfg_id parameter in /ajax/openvpn/activate_ovpncfg.php and /ajax/openvpn/del_ovpncfg.php.

CWE(s)
CWE-77

Related Threats

Likely ATT&CK TechniquesAI

Techniques this vulnerability likely enables, inferred from its description, weakness type, and attributed-actor tradecraft. Confidence is per-technique.

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Accessconfidence: HIGH
Unauthenticated command injection in public-facing OpenVPN AJAX endpoints allows remote OS command execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Executionconfidence: HIGH
Direct injection of arbitrary commands into system() calls via unsanitized cfg_id parameter.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalationconfidence: HIGH
Web-server process context permits privilege escalation to full device control.
attack.mitre.org →
T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer Command And Controlconfidence: MEDIUM
Arbitrary command execution enables download and execution of additional tools or payloads.
attack.mitre.org →
inferred from description + CWE · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-30260Same product: Raspap Raspap
CVE-2024-28754Same product: Raspap Raspap
CVE-2024-2497Same product: Raspap Raspap
CVE-2024-28753Same product: Raspap Raspap
CVE-2025-50428Same vendor: Raspap
CVE-2025-44163Same vendor: Raspap
CVE-2024-36622Same vendor: Raspap
CVE-2024-32353Shared CWE-77
CVE-2023-31531Shared CWE-77
CVE-2026-32063Shared CWE-77

Affected Assets

raspap
raspap
2.8.0 — 2.8.7

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V1.2.9

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Directly requires validation and sanitization of the cfg_id parameter before it is passed to system commands in activate_ovpncfg.php and del_ovpncfg.php, blocking the CWE-77 command injection.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match
prevent

Limits the web-server process privileges so that even a successful unauthenticated cfg_id injection yields only minimal OS capabilities rather than full device control.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Mandates prompt application of vendor patches that eliminate the unsanitized cfg_id handling in the two OpenVPN AJAX endpoints for versions 2.8.0-2.8.7.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and neutralization that prevent command injection.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
detects

Security testing in development catches command-injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and command construction practices that directly prevent command injection.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection flaws including command injection.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the attack surface but do not prescribe the specific neutralization techniques needed.

A.8.31 Separation of development, test and production environments none match
none

Environment separation limits the blast radius of an exploited command injection but does not prevent the flaw itself.

References