Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-21823

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows 10 1809 ≤ 10.0.17763.4010

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedMemory Safety
Published
14 February 2023
Modified
30 October 2025
KEV Added
14 February 2023
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.056 92th percentile
Risk Priority 83 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-21823 is a high-severity Integer Overflow or Wraparound (CWE-190) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1809. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Windows Graphics Component contains an integer overflow vulnerability tracked as CVE-2023-21823 that permits remote code execution. The flaw affects multiple versions of Microsoft Windows and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 with the vector string AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, indicating that successful exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system.

An attacker with low-privileged local access can trigger the flaw through specially crafted graphics content processed by the affected component, resulting in arbitrary code execution at the privileges of the calling process. No user interaction is required beyond the initial local context, allowing an adversary to elevate privileges or move laterally once code execution is obtained.

Microsoft’s security update guide provides patches addressing the issue, while CISA lists the CVE in its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, confirming observed in-the-wild exploitation. Administrators are advised to apply the vendor updates promptly and to monitor for follow-on guidance from the referenced Microsoft advisory.

EPSS for the vulnerability rose sharply from a low baseline to a peak of 0.9619 on 22 December 2023 before receding to its current value of 0.0229, indicating that meaningful exploitation interest developed several months after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Graphics Component Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
14 February 2023

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-24869Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-24908Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-23410Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-23405Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-21797Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-24945Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-23385Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-21686Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-35383Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-35385Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.19747 · ≤ 10.0.10240.19747
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.5717 · ≤ 10.0.14393.5717
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.4010 · ≤ 10.0.17763.4010 · ≤ 10.0.17763.4010
microsoft
windows 10 20h2
≤ 10.0.19042.2604 · ≤ 10.0.19042.2604 · ≤ 10.0.19042.2604
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.2604 · ≤ 10.0.19044.2604 · ≤ 10.0.19044.2604
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.2604 · ≤ 10.0.19045.2604 · ≤ 10.0.19045.2604
microsoft
windows 11 21h2
≤ 10.0.22000.1574 · ≤ 10.0.22000.1574
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.1265 · ≤ 10.0.22621.1265
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+3 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.6

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require use of safe arithmetic, bounds checks, and testing that prevent integer overflows.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development can detect integer overflows before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates input validation and arithmetic checks that prevent integer overflows.

degrades

Application security requirements include bounds checking and safe arithmetic to avoid overflow conditions.

degrades

Secure architecture principles require defensive coding patterns that mitigate integer wraparound risks.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe integer operations and mandate overflow-safe constructs.

References