Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:NCVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.
Summary
CVE-2023-28678 is a medium-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability in Jenkins Cppcheck. Its CVSS base score is 5.4 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Protocol or Service Impersonation (T1001.003); ranked at the 38th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
The vulnerability is a stored cross-site scripting flaw (CWE-79) affecting the Jenkins Cppcheck Plugin in versions 1.26 and earlier. The plugin fails to escape file names extracted from Cppcheck report files before rendering them in the Jenkins UI, allowing untrusted content to be displayed without proper sanitization. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 5.4.
Attackers able to control the contents of Cppcheck report files can supply malicious payloads in file names that execute when other users view the reports in Jenkins. Successful exploitation permits stored XSS attacks that can lead to limited impacts on confidentiality and integrity within the Jenkins instance, requiring low privileges and some user interaction.
The Jenkins security advisory published on March 21, 2023, addresses the issue under SECURITY-2809 and directs users to apply the available plugin update that resolves the lack of escaping. The current EPSS score of 0.0898, following a modest peak of 0.1119, indicates limited observed exploitation interest.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2023-1332
Vulnerability Data
Jenkins Cppcheck Plugin 1.26 and earlier does not escape file names from Cppcheck report files before showing them on the Jenkins UI, resulting in a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exploitable by attackers able to control report file contents.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.1.2V1.3.2
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Penetration testing submits XSS payloads to web applications, detecting cross-site scripting flaws for subsequent remediation.
Validates web inputs to reject script-related content that could produce XSS.
Output validation against expected content can reject or sanitize script content in generated web pages, reducing XSS exploitability.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly target introduction of XSS via coding standards/testing (mostly), yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors unaddressed (partial).
Patching and EOL replacement can remediate known XSS instances in libraries or frameworks (partial) but do nothing to enforce input neutralization in application code (none).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
A.5.6 only promotes membership in groups to improve knowledge, receive alerts, and share information; it performs no action that stops XSS exploitation (or even the underlying neutralization defect) and is a pure dependency for other controls per the owner's labeling rule.