Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-28879

Memory Safety in Debian Linux 10.0 … 11.0

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
31 March 2023
Modified
14 February 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.063 93th percentile
Risk Priority 88 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-28879 is a critical-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Debian Debian Linux. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-28879 is a buffer overflow vulnerability in Artifex Ghostscript through version 10.01.0, located in base/sbcp.c. It affects the BCPEncode, BCPDecode, TBCPEncode, and TBCPDecode functions within the PostScript interpreter. The flaw occurs when a write buffer reaches one byte less than capacity and an escaped character is subsequently written, resulting in two bytes being written and potential corruption of internal interpreter data. The issue is tracked under CWE-787 and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8.

Remote attackers without authentication or user interaction can exploit the vulnerability over a network to corrupt interpreter state, which may lead to impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to supply input that triggers the affected encoding or decoding routines during PostScript processing.

Advisories and patches referenced in the Ghostscript commit history, Debian LTS announcements, and oss-security lists indicate that the issue is resolved in later releases, with the fix available via the referenced git commit and updated packages. The EPSS score reached a peak of 0.3422 with a current value of 0.2776, indicating moderate post-disclosure interest in exploitation.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

In Artifex Ghostscript through 10.01.0, there is a buffer overflow leading to potential corruption of data internal to the PostScript interpreter, in base/sbcp.c. This affects BCPEncode, BCPDecode, TBCPEncode, and TBCPDecode. If the write buffer is filled to one byte less…

more

than full, and one then tries to write an escaped character, two bytes are written.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-29509Same product: Artifex Ghostscript
CVE-2024-29506Same product: Artifex Ghostscript
CVE-2025-37979Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2024-46725Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2025-37810Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2024-26763Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2023-52482Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2023-52669Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2024-26664Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2024-26851Same product: Debian Debian Linux

Affected Assets

artifex
ghostscript
≤ 10.01.0
debian
debian linux
10.0, 11.0

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-787

Out-of-bounds writes that corrupt control flow or inject shellcode are rendered non-executable by the same memory protections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References