Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-36661

SSRF in Debian Linux 11.0 … 12.0

Published
25 June 2023
Modified
05 May 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.029 86th percentile
Risk Priority 80 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-36661 is a high-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Debian Debian Linux. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 14% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-36661 is a server-side request forgery vulnerability in Shibboleth XMLTooling versions prior to 3.2.4. The flaw resides in the handling of KeyInfo elements within XML signatures and affects components used by OpenSAML and the Shibboleth Service Provider; an example fixed release is Shibboleth SP 3.4.1.3 on Windows. The issue is tracked as CWE-918 and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.5.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can supply a crafted KeyInfo element to induce the affected service to issue arbitrary outbound requests. Successful exploitation can impair availability of the targeted system or related infrastructure without requiring user interaction or credentials.

Public advisories from the Shibboleth project and Debian (DSA-5432) recommend upgrading XMLTooling to 3.2.4 or later and applying the corresponding Service Provider updates. The EPSS score for this CVE rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.6067 with a current value of 0.5241, indicating that exploitation interest increased after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Shibboleth XMLTooling before 3.2.4, as used in OpenSAML and Shibboleth Service Provider, allows SSRF via a crafted KeyInfo element. (This is fixed in, for example, Shibboleth Service Provider 3.4.1.3 on Windows.)

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-21311Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2021-40438Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2023-4047Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2023-25725Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2024-12425Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2023-44981Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2023-52623Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2018-12895Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2025-47273Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2024-53566Same product: Debian Debian Linux

Affected Assets

shibboleth
xmltooling
≤ 3.2.4
debian
debian linux
11.0, 12.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.6
  • V1.5.3
  • V5.3.2
  • V10.4.7

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-918

Penetration testing attempts server-side requests to internal resources, identifying SSRF weaknesses for remediation.

addresses: CWE-918

Outbound connections to external resources can be monitored and limited at the boundary, reducing SSRF impact.

addresses: CWE-918

Validates server-side URLs and resource references to block SSRF attempts.

addresses: CWE-918

Detects server-side request forgery through monitoring of unexpected outbound connections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly include input validation and destination allow-listing that prevent SSRF.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of web applications and services can detect anomalous outbound requests indicative of SSRF.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network segmentation and egress controls can limit the damage from successful SSRF requests.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Operational threat data describing SSRF campaigns can be used to tighten outbound-request allow-lists and detection rules before attackers exploit them.

References