Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-48240

SSRF in Xwiki 11.10.1 – 14.10.15

Published
20 November 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0071 50th percentile
Risk Priority 66 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-48240 is a critical-severity Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data (CWE-201) vulnerability in Xwiki Xwiki. Its CVSS base score is 9.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked in the top 50% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. The rendered diff in XWiki embeds images to be able to compare the contents and not display a difference for an actually unchanged image. For this, XWiki requests all embedded images on the…

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server side. These requests are also sent for images from other domains and include all cookies that were sent in the original request to ensure that images with restricted view right can be compared. Starting in version 11.10.1 and prior to versions 14.10.15, 15.5.1, and 15.6, this allows an attacker to steal login and session cookies that allow impersonating the current user who views the diff. The attack can be triggered with an image that references the rendered diff, thus making it easy to trigger. Apart from stealing login cookies, this also allows server-side request forgery (the result of any successful request is returned in the image's source) and viewing protected content as once a resource is cached, it is returned for all users. As only successful requests are cached, the cache will be filled by the first user who is allowed to access the resource. This has been patched in XWiki 14.10.15, 15.5.1 and 15.6. The rendered diff now only downloads images from trusted domains. Further, cookies are only sent when the image's domain is the same the requested domain. The cache has been changed to be specific for each user. As a workaround, the image embedding feature can be disabled by deleting `xwiki-platform-diff-xml-<version>.jar` in `WEB-INF/lib/`.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1039 Data from Network Shared Drive Collection
Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest.
T1040 Network Sniffing Credential Access
Adversaries may passively sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network.
T1080 Taint Shared Content Lateral Movement
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-49584Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2025-55748Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2023-37913Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2023-38509Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2025-29925Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2023-36468Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2025-55747Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2023-27480Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2023-37911Same product: Xwiki Xwiki
CVE-2023-29208Same product: Xwiki Xwiki

Affected Assets

xwiki
xwiki
15.6 · 11.10.1 — 14.10.15 · 15.0 — 15.5.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 9 hardening rules · 4 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V14.2.3
  • V1.3.6
  • V1.5.3
  • V5.3.2

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-918

Penetration testing attempts server-side requests to internal resources, identifying SSRF weaknesses for remediation.

addresses: CWE-281

Forces removal or modification of permissions no longer required after reassignment, preventing improper preservation of old access rights.

addresses: CWE-918

Outbound connections to external resources can be monitored and limited at the boundary, reducing SSRF impact.

addresses: CWE-918

Validates server-side URLs and resource references to block SSRF attempts.

addresses: CWE-201

Embedding taints allows detection when sensitive data is inserted into outbound or sent data streams.

addresses: CWE-918

Detects server-side request forgery through monitoring of unexpected outbound connections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Enforcing least-privilege permission policies and reviews directly prevents incorrect permission propagation on copy/restore/share operations.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent insertion of sensitive data into application outputs and messages.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Monitoring runtime data flows and outputs can detect sensitive data being transmitted.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.

PR.DS-02 partial match
prevents

Protecting data-in-transit can include filtering or encrypting to avoid exposing sensitive content.

PR.DS-10 partial match
prevents

Protecting data-in-use includes removing confidential values before they are processed or sent.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Data-masking techniques can prevent sensitive values from appearing in transmitted payloads.

mitigates

Classification identifies sensitive data so it is not inadvertently transmitted.

mitigates

Labelling makes sensitive data visible to developers and prevents accidental inclusion in outbound messages.

mitigates

Information-transfer rules directly govern what data may be sent to external parties.

degrades

Access-control policy defines how permissions must be preserved when objects are copied or shared.

degrades

Access-rights provisioning and review processes directly address the risk of overly permissive copied objects.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Windows Server 2019 (1 rule)
  • V-205743 Windows Server 2019 organization created Active Directory Organizational Unit (OU) objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-281
Windows Server 2022 (2 rules)
  • V-254393 Windows Server 2022 Active Directory Group Policy objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-281
  • V-254395 Windows Server 2022 organization created Active Directory Organizational Unit (OU) objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-281

References