Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-5178

Memory Safety in Linux Kernel 5.0 – 5.4.260

Published
01 November 2023
Modified
24 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.091 95th percentile
Risk Priority 73 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-5178 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Linux Linux Kernel. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A use-after-free vulnerability exists in the NVMe/TCP subsystem of the Linux kernel, specifically in the nvmet_tcp_free_crypto function within drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c. The flaw stems from a logical bug that can trigger both use-after-free and double-free conditions in memory handling for NVMe over TCP targets.

An attacker with network access and limited privileges can exploit the issue to achieve remote code execution or local privilege escalation on affected systems. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8, reflecting its network-accessible attack vector, low complexity, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Multiple Red Hat Security Advisories (RHSA-2023:7370, RHSA-2023:7379, RHSA-2023:7418, RHSA-2023:7548, and RHSA-2023:7549) address the flaw through kernel updates that resolve the memory-management error in the NVMe/TCP target code.

The associated EPSS score has remained in the 0.08–0.09 range with no pronounced increase after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A use-after-free vulnerability was found in drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c` in `nvmet_tcp_free_crypto` due to a logical bug in the NVMe/TCP subsystem in the Linux kernel. This issue may allow a malicious user to cause a use-after-free and double-free problem, which may permit remote…

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code execution or lead to local privilege escalation.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-32233Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-2236Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-4004Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-3390Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-1838Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-33250Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-3141Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2024-1086Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-1989Same product: Linux Linux Kernel
CVE-2023-3111Same product: Linux Linux Kernel

Affected Assets

linux
linux kernel
5.0 — 5.4.260 · 5.5 — 5.10.199 · 5.11 — 5.15.137
redhat
enterprise linux
8.0, 9.0
netapp
active iq unified manager
all versions
netapp
solidfire \& hci management node
all versions
netapp
solidfire \& hci storage node
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.4.3

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-416

Use-after-free exploits that achieve arbitrary code execution are blocked or significantly hardened by non-executable pages and ASLR.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly incorporate memory-safety tooling and reviews that prevent most use-after-free defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover use-after-free issues via scanning or analysis but do not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching removes known use-after-free instances after they have been introduced in released software.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development can detect use-after-free bugs before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates memory-safety practices that reduce use-after-free defects.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-management rules that mitigate use-after-free.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety design choices that limit use-after-free exposure.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly prescribe avoidance of use-after-free patterns.

prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248592 OL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230279 RHEL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 9 (1 rule)
  • V-257794 RHEL 9 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416

References