Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-5217

Memory Safety in Mozilla Firefox ≤ 115.3.1

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCMemory Safety
Published
28 September 2023
Modified
24 October 2025
KEV Added
02 October 2023
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.49 99th percentile
Risk Priority 90 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-5217 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A heap buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the VP8 encoding functionality of libvpx, affecting Google Chrome versions prior to 117.0.5938.132 as well as libvpx releases before 1.13.1. The flaw, assigned CWE-787, permits out-of-bounds writes that can corrupt heap memory when processing specially crafted input. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 and was rated High severity by the Chromium project.

A remote attacker can trigger the issue by serving a crafted HTML page that causes the browser or any application using the vulnerable libvpx library to encode VP8 video. Successful exploitation may allow arbitrary code execution or other impacts affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability, although user interaction is required to render the malicious page.

Public advisories on the referenced Openwall and Seclists lists confirm that the issue is resolved by updating Chrome to version 117.0.5938.132 or later and by upgrading libvpx to 1.13.1, which contains the corrected encoding logic.

The EPSS score for this CVE rose sharply from a low baseline to a peak of 0.7546 on 2025-01-02 before receding to the current value of 0.0498, indicating a period of heightened exploitation interest well after initial disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Heap buffer overflow in vp8 encoding in libvpx in Google Chrome prior to 117.0.5938.132 and libvpx 1.13.1 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
02 October 2023

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-4863Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2021-21148Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2023-7024Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2023-42917Same product: Apple Ipadosboth on KEV
CVE-2022-32893Same product: Apple Ipadosboth on KEV
CVE-2022-4135Same product: Google Chromeboth on KEV
CVE-2018-17480Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2022-2294Same product: Apple Ipadosboth on KEV
CVE-2020-16009Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2016-5198Same product: Google Chromeboth on KEV

Affected Assets

webmproject
libvpx
≤ 1.13.1
microsoft
edge
116.0.1938.98, 117.0.2045.47
microsoft
edge chromium
116.0.5845.229, 117.0.5938.132
mozilla
firefox
≤ 115.3.1 · ≤ 118.0.1 · ≤ 118.1
mozilla
thunderbird
≤ 115.3.1
fedoraproject
fedora
37, 38, 39
debian
debian linux
10.0, 11.0, 12.0
apple
ipados
16.7 · 17.0 — 17.0.3
apple
iphone os
16.7 · 17.0 — 17.0.3
google
chrome
≤ 117.0.5938.132
+1 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-787

Out-of-bounds writes that corrupt control flow or inject shellcode are rendered non-executable by the same memory protections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References