Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-12987

Command Injection in Draytek Vigor300B Firmware 1.5.1.4

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCCommand Injection
Published
27 December 2024
Modified
30 October 2025
KEV Added
15 May 2025
CVSS Score v4 6.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.98 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 75 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-12987 is a medium-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Draytek Vigor300B Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A critical OS command injection vulnerability affects the web management interface of DrayTek Vigor2960 and Vigor300B devices running firmware 1.5.1.4. The flaw resides in the /cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi/apmcfgupload endpoint, where unsanitized input to the session argument allows arbitrary command execution. Both CWE-77 and CWE-78 are referenced, and the issue can be triggered remotely without authentication.

An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to the affected endpoint and obtain command execution on the device. Publicly disclosed exploit code demonstrates remote code execution, enabling an adversary to run operating-system commands with the privileges of the web server process.

Vendor firmware version 1.5.1.5 resolves the issue. DrayTek’s release notes and the associated advisory recommend immediate upgrade of the affected Vigor2960 and Vigor300B units.

The EPSS score has reached a peak of 0.8286 with a current value of 0.7899, indicating substantial exploitation interest following disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in DrayTek Vigor2960 and Vigor300B 1.5.1.4. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi/apmcfgupload of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument session leads to os command…

more

injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.5.1.5 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.

CWE(s)
CWE-77CWE-78
KEV Date Added
15 May 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-12986Same product: Draytek Vigor2960
CVE-2020-15415Same product: Draytek Vigor2960both on KEV
CVE-2020-8515Same product: Draytek Vigor2960both on KEV
CVE-2023-24229Same product: Draytek Vigor2960
CVE-2026-3040Same product: Draytek Vigor300B
CVE-2024-43027Same product: Draytek Vigor2960
CVE-2024-48074Same product: Draytek Vigor2960
CVE-2024-44844Same vendor: Draytek
CVE-2024-44845Same vendor: Draytek
CVE-2024-51304Same vendor: Draytek

Affected Assets

draytek
vigor300b firmware
1.5.1.4
draytek
vigor2960 firmware
1.5.1.4

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V1.2.9

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops construction of commands from untrusted data containing special elements.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

CM-7 Least Functionality partial match

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and neutralization that prevent command injection.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches command-injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and command construction practices that directly prevent command injection.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection flaws including command injection.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the attack surface but do not prescribe the specific neutralization techniques needed.

A.8.31 Separation of development, test and production environments none match
none

Environment separation limits the blast radius of an exploited command injection but does not prevent the flaw itself.

References