Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-36258

Memory Safety in Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8 Firmware m33a8.v5030.210505

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
14 January 2025
Modified
21 August 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 10.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.12 96th percentile
Risk Priority 86 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-36258 is a critical-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the touchlist_sync.cgi touchlistsync() function of the Wavlink AC3000 router running firmware M33A8.V5030.210505. The flaw, tracked as CWE-121, is triggered by a specially crafted HTTP request and can result in arbitrary code execution on the device. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 10.0, reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and no required authentication or user interaction.

An unauthenticated attacker with network access can send a malicious HTTP request to the affected CGI endpoint, causing the overflow and achieving arbitrary code execution with full system impact including confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise. The references point to detailed technical reports from Cisco Talos that describe the vulnerability but do not include mitigation guidance or patch availability in the supplied information. The associated EPSS score has remained in a moderate range with a modest peak of 0.2028.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the touchlist_sync.cgi touchlistsync() functionality of Wavlink AC3000 M33A8.V5030.210505. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

CWE(s)
CWE-121

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-39359Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39603Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-36493Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39357Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39757Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39802Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39803Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39358Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-37357Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39768Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-wn533a8 firmware
m33a8.v5030.210505

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can discover stack-buffer overflows before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from exceeding stack buffer bounds.

SI-16 Memory Protection good match

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the ability to execute injected code after a stack overflow.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure-engineering principles include bounds-checked coding and safe buffer handling that avoid introducing the flaw.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly prevent introduction of stack buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning can discover stack buffer overflows but does not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching eliminates known instances of the weakness after discovery.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing (fuzzing, static analysis) detects stack overflows before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC mandates buffer-safety practices that directly prevent stack overflows.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify buffer-size and input-validation rules.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety and least-privilege stack usage.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer handling that causes CWE-121.

A.8.32 Change management none match
none

Change-management gates can enforce security reviews that catch buffer issues.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248594 OL 8 must implement address space layout randomization (ASLR) to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution. prevents CWE-121
Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271452 OL 9 must use a Linux Security Module configured to enforce limits on system services. prevents CWE-121

References