Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-39603

CriticalPublic PoC

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
21 August 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0045 64.2th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2024-39603 is a critical-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 35.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Deeper analysis

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2024-39603 and associated with CWE-121, affects the wireless.cgi set_wifi_basic_mesh() functionality in the Wavlink AC3000 router running firmware version M33A8.V5030.210505. The flaw arises when processing a specially crafted HTTP request, enabling arbitrary command execution. This issue received a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), highlighting its critical severity due to network accessibility, low attack complexity, and high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts with a changed scope.

Exploitation requires an authenticated attacker with high privileges (PR:H) to send a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint. Upon successful triggering of the buffer overflow, the attacker can achieve arbitrary command execution on the device, potentially leading to full compromise of the router, including data exfiltration, further network pivoting, or persistent access.

Details on mitigation, patches, or workarounds are available in the Talos Intelligence advisory at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2042. Security practitioners should consult this reference for vendor-specific remediation guidance.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the wireless.cgi set_wifi_basic_mesh() functionality of Wavlink AC3000 M33A8.V5030.210505. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

Stack buffer overflow in HTTP handler (wireless.cgi) directly enables remote code execution on network-accessible router web interface.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-39359Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-36258Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39757Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-36493Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39357Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39604Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39803Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-37184Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-34166Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8
CVE-2024-39786Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn533A8

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-wn533a8 firmware
m33a8.v5030.210505

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

SI-10 requires validation of untrusted HTTP inputs to the wireless.cgi set_wifi_basic_mesh() function, directly preventing stack-based buffer overflows from specially crafted requests.

prevent

SI-16 enforces memory protections like stack canaries, ASLR, and DEP to block exploitation of the stack-based buffer overflow leading to arbitrary command execution.

prevent

SI-2 mandates timely flaw remediation, such as applying vendor patches for this specific buffer overflow vulnerability in the router firmware.

References