CVE-2025-0637
Published: 23 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-0637 is a critical-severity Improper Authentication (CWE-287) vulnerability in Incibe (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 48.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-24 (Access Control Decisions) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-0637 is an improper authorization vulnerability (CWE-287) in the Beta10 software, where multiple areas of the application lack proper access controls. This deficiency allows unauthorized access to private areas or sections intended for specific roles, with the issue identified at least in the path '/app/tools.html'. The vulnerability received a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and was published on 2025-01-23.
A remote attacker requires no authentication, privileges, or user interaction to exploit this over the network with low complexity. Successful exploitation grants the malicious actor access to restricted areas, enabling high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as indicated by the CVSS metrics.
The INCIBE-CERT advisory provides further details on the inadequate access control issue in Beta10 at https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/inadequate-access-control-beta10.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-1801
- 🇪🇸 INCIBE: www.incibe.es
Vulnerability details
It has been found that the Beta10 software does not provide for proper authorisation control in multiple areas of the application. This deficiency could allow a malicious actor, without authentication, to access private areas and/or areas intended for other roles.…
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The vulnerability has been identified at least in the file or path ‘/app/tools.html’.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Direct remote exploitation of public-facing web app via improper authorization / access control bypass (CWE-287) with no authentication required.
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Enforces approved authorizations for access to private application areas like '/app/tools.html', directly preventing unauthenticated exploitation.
Requires the system to make explicit access control decisions for resources based on roles, addressing the lack of authorization checks in multiple application areas.
Limits access to only essential privileges for specific roles, mitigating unauthorized entry into areas intended for privileged users.