Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-10689

Command Injection in Dlink Dir-645 Firmware 1.05b01

Public PoCCommand Injection
Published
18 September 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v4 2.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.046 91th percentile
Risk Priority 33 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-10689 is a low-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Dlink Dir-645 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 2.1 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-10689 is a command injection vulnerability affecting the D-Link DIR-645 router with firmware version 105B01. The flaw exists in the soapcgi_main function of the /soap.cgi file, where manipulation of the "service" argument enables command injection. Published on 2025-09-18, it is associated with CWE-74 and CWE-77, carrying a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).

The vulnerability allows remote exploitation by authenticated users with low privileges. Attackers can leverage the command injection to achieve limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as executing arbitrary commands on the device.

Affected products are no longer supported by the maintainer, with no patches available. An exploit is publicly available and might be used, as detailed in references including https://github.com/scanleale/IOT_sec/blob/main/DIR-645-soapcgi.pdf and VulDB entries at https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.324813, https://vuldb.com/?id.324813, and https://vuldb.com/?submit.653689. The D-Link website at https://www.dlink.com/ provides general product information but no specific mitigation for this issue.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-645 105B01. This issue affects the function soapcgi_main of the file /soap.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument service leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and…

more

might be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

CWE(s)
CWE-74CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1221 Template Injection Stealth
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
attack.mitre.org →
T1674 Input Injection Execution
Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed,…
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-7192Same product: Dlink Dir-645
CVE-2015-2051Same product: Dlink Dir-645
CVE-2025-11100Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2026-1625Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2025-15391Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2026-4205Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2026-8344Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2025-10401Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2025-11096Same vendor: Dlink
CVE-2025-11099Same vendor: Dlink

Affected Assets

dlink
dir-645 firmware
1.05b01

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.1
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

SI-10 directly requires validation of information inputs to reject malformed or special-element content before it reaches downstream parsers.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and output encoding that prevent injection flaws.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging supports detection of injection attempts but does not prevent the weakness.

A.8.16 Monitoring activities partial match
finds

Monitoring activities can identify active injection attacks after they occur.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and output encoding that directly prevent injection flaws.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection attacks in software design.

References