CVE-2025-15388
Published: 31 December 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-15388 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Org (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 45.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-15388 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) affecting the VPN Firewall developed by QNO Technology. Published on 2025-12-31, this flaw enables authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands, which are then executed on the server. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), reflecting its high severity due to network accessibility, low attack complexity, and significant impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Attackers require only low privileges, such as those of an authenticated user, to exploit the vulnerability remotely over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation allows execution of arbitrary operating system commands on the server, granting attackers the ability to achieve full control, including data exfiltration, system modification, or disruption of services.
Mitigation details and related advisories are provided by Taiwan CERT (TWCERT) at https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10614-dee41-2.html and https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10613-e1780-1.html.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-205905
Vulnerability details
VPN Firewall developed by QNO Technology has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The OS command injection vulnerability in the network-accessible VPN Firewall enables exploitation of public-facing applications (T1190), exploitation of remote services (T1210), and arbitrary command execution via Unix Shell (T1059.004).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
SI-10 requires input validation at entry points, directly preventing OS command injection by blocking arbitrary commands in VPN Firewall inputs.
SI-2 mandates timely flaw remediation, directly addressing this specific command injection vulnerability through patching the affected VPN Firewall software.
SI-9 enforces input restrictions like type and format limits, preventing authenticated attackers from injecting executable OS commands remotely.