Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-1791

Medium

Published: 01 March 2025

Published
01 March 2025
Modified
12 June 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 6.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0008 24.4th percentile
Risk Priority 13 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-1791 is a medium-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Skycaiji Skycaiji. Its CVSS base score is 6.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 24.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 3 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates CVE-2025-1791 by identifying, reporting, and correcting the flaw in the fileAction function to prevent unrestricted file uploads.

prevent

Validates the manipulated save_data argument in Tool.php to block unrestricted uploads of dangerous file types.

prevent

Enforces access control policies on the fileAction function to restrict unauthorized or improper file upload operations despite low-privilege access.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1505.003 Web Shell Persistence
Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems.
T1608.001 Upload Malware Resource Development
Adversaries may upload malware to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting.
T1608.002 Upload Tool Resource Development
Adversaries may upload tools to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting.
Why these techniques?

Unrestricted file upload in public-facing web application (T1190) enables staging of malware/tools (T1608.001, T1608.002) and deployment of web shells for execution/persistence (T1100, T1505.003), leading to RCE.

NVD Description

A vulnerability has been found in Zorlan SkyCaiji 2.9 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function fileAction of the file vendor/skycaiji/app/admin/controller/Tool.php. The manipulation of the argument save_data leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The…

more

exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-1791 is a critical vulnerability in Zorlan SkyCaiji version 2.9, affecting the fileAction function within the file vendor/skycaiji/app/admin/controller/Tool.php. The issue arises from manipulation of the save_data argument, enabling unrestricted file upload. Published on 2025-03-01, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L) and is linked to CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) and CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type).

A remote attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. Exploitation allows limited impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially enabling attackers to upload malicious files.

Advisories referenced in VulDB entries (ctiid.298012, id.298012, submit.502648) and a GitHub issue (sheratan4/cve/issues/5) document the vulnerability. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be used by attackers. No specific patches or mitigation steps are detailed in the provided information.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

skycaiji
skycaiji
2.9

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-2973Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-2978Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-9296Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-0335Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-7538Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-9475Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-0346Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2025-7939Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2024-13138Shared CWE-284, CWE-434
CVE-2026-7733Shared CWE-284, CWE-434

References