CVE-2025-9475
Published: 26 August 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-9475 is a medium-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Nelzkie15 Human Resource Information System. Its CVSS base score is 5.5 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 38.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-9475 is an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in SourceCodester Human Resource Information System 1.0. The issue affects an unknown functionality within the file /Admin_Dashboard/process/editemployee_process.php, where manipulation of the employee_file201 argument enables attackers to upload arbitrary files without restrictions.
Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability without authentication or user interaction, as reflected in its CVSS 3.1 score of 7.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L). Exploitation may result in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially allowing file placement on the server for further compromise.
Advisories and exploit details are documented on VulDB (ctiid.321344, id.321344, submit.634745) and GitHub (lrjbsyh/CVE_Hunter issues/4 and issue-3320892747). The exploit has been publicly released, enabling immediate use by threat actors. No specific patches or mitigations are detailed in the available information.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-25774
Vulnerability details
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Human Resource Information System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /Admin_Dashboard/process/editemployee_process.php. This manipulation of the argument employee_file201 causes unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The…
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exploit has been published and may be used.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Unrestricted file upload in public-facing web application (/Admin_Dashboard/process/editemployee_process.php) enables unauthenticated RCE via malicious PHP web shells without validation, mapping to exploitation of public-facing apps, web shell deployment/execution, and malware upload/staging.
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly requires validation of all input (including file uploads via employee_file201) to reject malformed or dangerous content before processing.
Enforces access-control policy on the editemployee_process.php endpoint so that only permitted subjects may perform file-upload operations.
Deploys malicious-code protection mechanisms that scan or block uploaded files before they are stored or executed on the server.