CVE-2025-9475
Published: 26 August 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-9475 is a high-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Nelzkie15 Human Resource Information System. Its CVSS base score is 7.3 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 32.0th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Likely Mitigating ControlsAI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
This control enforces ownership-based restrictions on portable storage device use, directly implementing access control over media insertion into organizational systems.
Hardware write-protect enforces access control on critical resources (e.g., firmware) independent of software state.
The access control policy and procedures directly mandate and enforce proper access control mechanisms across the organization.
Device lock enforces restricted access until re-authentication, directly reducing unauthorized use of active sessions.
Supervision and review of access control activities directly detects and remediates improper access configurations or usages.
Explicitly identifying and documenting actions permitted without identification or authentication enforces proper access control boundaries by defining justified exceptions.
By automatically labeling outputs with security attributes, the control supports attribute-based enforcement and reduces exploitability of improper access control weaknesses.
Associating and retaining security attributes with data directly supports enforcement of access control decisions across storage, processing, and transmission.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Unrestricted file upload in public-facing web application (/Admin_Dashboard/process/editemployee_process.php) enables unauthenticated RCE via malicious PHP web shells without validation, mapping to exploitation of public-facing apps, web shell deployment/execution, and malware upload/staging.
NVD Description
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Human Resource Information System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /Admin_Dashboard/process/editemployee_process.php. This manipulation of the argument employee_file201 causes unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The…
more
exploit has been published and may be used.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-9475 is an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in SourceCodester Human Resource Information System 1.0. The issue affects an unknown functionality within the file /Admin_Dashboard/process/editemployee_process.php, where manipulation of the employee_file201 argument enables attackers to upload arbitrary files without restrictions.
Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability without authentication or user interaction, as reflected in its CVSS 3.1 score of 7.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L). Exploitation may result in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially allowing file placement on the server for further compromise.
Advisories and exploit details are documented on VulDB (ctiid.321344, id.321344, submit.634745) and GitHub (lrjbsyh/CVE_Hunter issues/4 and issue-3320892747). The exploit has been publicly released, enabling immediate use by threat actors. No specific patches or mitigations are detailed in the available information.
Details
- CWE(s)