CVE-2025-2978
Published: 31 March 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-2978 is a medium-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Wcms Wcms. Its CVSS base score is 6.3 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 46.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly mitigates unrestricted file upload by validating the type, content, and characteristics of uploaded files to block dangerous types leading to RCE.
Enforces proper access controls on the vulnerable upload endpoint to address CWE-284 improper access control exploitable by low-privileged users.
Restricts file upload inputs to only authorized types, sizes, and characteristics, preventing exploitation of the unrestricted upload functionality.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Unrestricted file upload in public-facing WCMS 11 web application (T1190) enables uploading malware/tools (T1608.001/.002) such as PHP webshells (T1505.003) for RCE.
NVD Description
A vulnerability was found in WCMS 11. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /index.php?articleadmin/upload/?&CKEditor=container&CKEditorFuncNum=1 of the component Article Publishing Page. The manipulation of the argument Upload leads to unrestricted…
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upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-2978 is a vulnerability in WCMS 11 rated as critical, affecting unknown functionality within the Article Publishing Page component at the endpoint /index.php?articleadmin/upload/?&CKEditor=container&CKEditorFuncNum=1. The issue enables unrestricted file upload through manipulation of the Upload argument and is associated with CWEs-284 (Improper Access Control) and CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type). It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L) and was published on 2025-03-31.
The vulnerability is exploitable remotely by low-privileged users, as indicated by the PR:L requirement, with low attack complexity and no need for user interaction. Attackers can achieve low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability through the unrestricted upload, potentially allowing further compromise depending on the uploaded content.
VulDB advisories detail the issue and reference a publicly disclosed proof-of-concept on GitHub demonstrating the upload leading to remote code execution (RCE). The vendor was contacted early regarding the disclosure but provided no response, and no patches or mitigations are mentioned in available references.
The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be used in attacks, with no further details on real-world exploitation provided.
Details
- CWE(s)