Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21297

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
24 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0171 82.5th percentile
Risk Priority 17 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21297 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2012. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 17.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 CM-7 (Least Functionality) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly requires timely patching and remediation of known vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-21297 in Windows Remote Desktop Services to prevent remote code execution.

prevent

Restricts systems to least functionality by disabling or prohibiting unnecessary Remote Desktop Services, eliminating the attack surface for this RCE vulnerability.

AC-17 Remote Access partial match
prevent

Establishes controls and restrictions for remote access mechanisms like Remote Desktop Services, such as managed gateways or VPNs, to limit exposure to unauthenticated network-based exploitation.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Why these techniques?

Remote code execution vulnerability in Windows Remote Desktop Services enables direct exploitation of the remote service without authentication.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Windows Remote Desktop Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21297 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability affecting Windows Remote Desktop Services. Published on 2025-01-14, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is linked to CWE-416, with additional NVD-CWE-noinfo classification.

The vulnerability can be exploited by a remote unauthenticated attacker over the network, requiring no user interaction but high attack complexity. Successful exploitation grants high-impact remote code execution, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the targeted system.

Microsoft's Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21297 provides guidance on mitigation and patching for this vulnerability.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows server 2008
r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows server 2022
≤ 10.0.20348.3091
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.1369
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.2894

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2025-21406Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-21296Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-21295Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-24045Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012

References