CVE-2025-49657
Published: 08 July 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-49657 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 29.3% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SC-7 (Boundary Protection).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly requires timely patching of the heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Windows RRAS as detailed in Microsoft's advisory.
Implements memory protections like address space layout randomization and non-executable memory to mitigate exploitation of the heap buffer overflow in RRAS.
Monitors and controls network communications to the RRAS service, limiting unauthorized remote access required to trigger the vulnerability.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Heap buffer overflow in RRAS enables remote unauthenticated arbitrary code execution against a network-accessible service.
NVD Description
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-49657 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). Published on 2025-07-08, it is linked to CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) and CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read), with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
An unauthorized attacker (PR:N) can exploit this over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), though it requires user interaction (UI:R). Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H) within the unchanged security scope (S:U).
Microsoft's advisory provides details on mitigation and patches at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49657.
Details
- CWE(s)