CVE-2025-49657
Published: 08 July 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-49657 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 26.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SC-7 (Boundary Protection).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-49657 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). Published on 2025-07-08, it is linked to CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) and CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read), with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
An unauthorized attacker (PR:N) can exploit this over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), though it requires user interaction (UI:R). Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H) within the unchanged security scope (S:U).
Microsoft's advisory provides details on mitigation and patches at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49657.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-20648
Vulnerability details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Heap buffer overflow in RRAS enables remote unauthenticated arbitrary code execution against a network-accessible service.
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly requires timely patching of the heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Windows RRAS as detailed in Microsoft's advisory.
Implements memory protections like address space layout randomization and non-executable memory to mitigate exploitation of the heap buffer overflow in RRAS.
Monitors and controls network communications to the RRAS service, limiting unauthorized remote access required to trigger the vulnerability.