CVE-2025-21407
Published: 11 February 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21407 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 37.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly mitigates the heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability by requiring timely application of vendor patches for the Windows Telephony Service.
Implements memory protection mechanisms like ASLR and DEP that comprehensively hinder exploitation of heap-based buffer overflows leading to remote code execution.
Requires validation of information inputs to the Windows Telephony Service, addressing the root cause of the buffer overflow from untrusted remote data.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The remote code execution vulnerability (heap buffer overflow) in the Windows Telephony Service requires user interaction to trigger and enables arbitrary code execution on the target system, directly mapping to exploitation for client execution.
NVD Description
Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-21407 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Windows Telephony Service. Published on 2025-02-11, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) and NVD-CWE-noinfo.
The vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated remote attacker requiring low attack complexity but user interaction on the target system. Successful exploitation enables the attacker to achieve high impacts across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, allowing remote code execution on affected Windows systems.
Microsoft's Security Response Center has published an update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21407, which provides details on available patches and mitigation recommendations.
Details
- CWE(s)