CVE-2025-21411
Published: 14 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21411 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 9.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly mandates timely remediation of flaws, including patching the heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service as detailed in Microsoft's update guide.
Requires validation of inputs to the Telephony Service to prevent heap-based buffer overflows from maliciously crafted files or resources.
Implements memory protections like ASLR and DEP to mitigate remote code execution even if the heap buffer overflow occurs.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The RCE via heap buffer overflow in Telephony Service requires user interaction with malicious file/resource over network (maps to T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution); successful exploitation in service context enables arbitrary code execution potentially leading to full system compromise (maps to T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation).
NVD Description
Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-21411 is a remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Telephony Service, published on 2025-01-14. It stems from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity by tricking a user into performing an action, such as interacting with a maliciously crafted file or resource. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary code execution in the context of the Telephony Service, potentially leading to full system compromise.
Microsoft's Security Response Center provides an update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21411, which details patching and mitigation recommendations for affected Windows systems.
Details
- CWE(s)