Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-23437

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0023 45.9th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23437 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 45.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

SI-15 directly prevents reflected XSS by requiring filtering and neutralization of malicious inputs during web page generation to block script execution in the victim's browser.

prevent

SI-10 enforces validation of untrusted inputs to the WordPress plugin, addressing the improper neutralization that enables reflected XSS exploitation.

prevent

SI-2 ensures timely remediation of the specific flaw in ntp-header-images versions <=1.2 through patching, eliminating the XSS vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access
Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS allows arbitrary script execution in victim's browser via crafted URL, directly enabling client-side code execution (T1203) and facilitating delivery through malicious links (T1566.002).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in nord_tramper ntp-header-images header-images-rotator allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects ntp-header-images: from n/a through <= 1.2.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-23437 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the nord_tramper ntp-header-images header-images-rotator WordPress plugin. This issue affects versions of ntp-header-images from n/a through 1.2 inclusive. The vulnerability was published on 2025-03-03T14:15:34.890 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).

The vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers requiring no privileges or authentication. Exploitation involves tricking a user into interacting with malicious input, such as visiting a crafted URL, which causes the plugin to reflect unsanitized input during web page generation. This executes arbitrary scripts in the victim's browser context, potentially leading to low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with a changed scope due to the cross-origin effects.

Mitigation details are available in advisories such as the Patchstack database entry at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/header-images-rotator/vulnerability/wordpress-ntp-header-images-plugin-1-2-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

Details

CWE(s)

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-24534Shared CWE-79
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CVE-2025-22753Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23457Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-22523Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-32751Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-30631Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23792Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-4345Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23653Shared CWE-79

References