Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-23596

High

Published: 31 January 2025

Published
31 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0011 29.2th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23596 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Spearphishing Link (T1566.002); ranked at the 29.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Spearphishing Link (T1566.002). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates reflected XSS by requiring filtering of information outputs to neutralize malicious scripts before they are rendered in web pages.

prevent

Requires validation of user inputs to prevent improper neutralization that enables injection of malicious payloads in the Notifikácie.sk plugin.

prevent

Ensures timely remediation of the specific XSS flaw in Notifikácie.sk versions through n/a to 1.0 by identifying and patching the vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access
Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS is exploited via maliciously crafted links that trigger script execution in the victim's browser, directly matching Spearphishing Link.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in grafeon Notifikácie.sk notifikacie-sk allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Notifikácie.sk: from n/a through <= 1.0.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-23596 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the grafeon Notifikácie.sk WordPress plugin (notifikacie-sk). This issue affects Notifikácie.sk versions from n/a through 1.0 inclusive, as published on 2025-01-31.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, but user interaction is needed, with changed scope and low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Remote attackers can exploit it by tricking authenticated users into interacting with maliciously crafted links or inputs reflected in web pages, potentially leading to script execution in the victim's browser context.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/notifikacie-sk/vulnerability/wordpress-notifikacie-sk-plugin-1-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve details this WordPress plugin vulnerability and should be consulted for specific mitigation recommendations, including any available patches or updates.

Details

CWE(s)

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-22523Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-30631Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23653Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23646Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24710Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24700Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22682Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-68845Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-22467Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-67978Shared CWE-79

References