Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-23494

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0011 29.2th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23494 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Spearphishing Link (T1566.002); ranked at the 29.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Spearphishing Link (T1566.002) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly requires filtering of web page outputs to neutralize untrusted input reflected without sanitization, preventing reflected XSS execution.

prevent

Mandates validation of user inputs to block malicious payloads before they are reflected in page generation, addressing the core neutralization failure.

preventrecover

Ensures flaws like this improper input neutralization in the Quizzin plugin are identified, reported, and remediated via patching within defined timeframes.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access
Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.
T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS allows crafting malicious links that execute JavaScript in the victim's browser upon interaction, directly mapping to spearphishing links for delivery, malicious link user execution, and JavaScript scripting.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in binnyva Quizzin quizzin allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Quizzin: from n/a through <= 1.01.4.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-23494 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Quizzin WordPress plugin developed by binnyva. This issue affects Quizzin versions from n/a through 1.01.4, allowing malicious input to be reflected in web page generation without proper neutralization.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and user interaction needed for exploitation. An attacker can craft a malicious link or input that, when interacted with by a victim (such as clicking or submitting), executes scripts in the victim's browser context. This enables limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with a changed scope that could affect other users or site resources.

The Patchstack advisory documents this Reflected XSS vulnerability in the WordPress Quizzin plugin up to version 1.01.4, providing details for security practitioners to review for mitigation steps such as applying available patches or updates.

Details

CWE(s)

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-68846Shared CWE-79
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CVE-2025-23447Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23853Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23835Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23491Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22631Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23624Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22575Shared CWE-79

References