Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23503

High

Published: 22 January 2025

Published
22 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0035 57.6th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23503 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 42.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23503 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, enabling Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) as classified under CWE-79. It affects the WordPress plugin Customizable Captcha and Contact Us (slug: customizable-captcha-and-contact-us-form) in all versions from n/a through 1.0.2, as developed by osolwordpress.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L). Remote attackers with no required privileges can exploit it over the network with low attack complexity, though it requires user interaction such as visiting a malicious link. Exploitation allows injection of arbitrary scripts into web pages viewed by victims, resulting in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability within a changed scope.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/customizable-captcha-and-contact-us-form/vulnerability/wordpress-customizable-captcha-and-contact-us-plugin-1-0-2-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve documents this Reflected XSS issue specific to plugin version 1.0.2.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in osolwordpress Customizable Captcha and Contact Us customizable-captcha-and-contact-us-form allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Customizable Captcha and Contact Us: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application; requires user interaction via malicious link facilitating T1204.001.

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-22765Shared CWE-79
CVE-2024-13885Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23645Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24017Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24544Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-68037Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23725Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22357Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-24955Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23834Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

Information Output Filtering directly mitigates Reflected XSS by encoding or filtering user inputs during web page generation to prevent script injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Information Input Validation ensures proper sanitization of inputs to the WordPress plugin, blocking malicious payloads before they reach the output stage.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Flaw Remediation requires timely patching of the vulnerable Customizable Captcha and Contact Us plugin versions up to 1.0.2.

References