Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23680

High

Published: 26 March 2025

Published
26 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0027 50.3th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23680 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 49.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23680 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Narnoo Operator WordPress plugin's narnoo-shortcodes component. This issue affects Narnoo Operator versions from n/a through 2.0.0 inclusive. The vulnerability was published on 2025-03-26 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1.

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring no privileges (PR:N) but user interaction (UI:R), such as clicking a malicious link. The changed scope (S:C) enables limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:L/I:L/A:L), typically allowing execution of arbitrary scripts in the context of a victim's browser session on an affected site.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/narnoo-shortcodes/vulnerability/wordpress-narnoo-operator-plugin-2-0-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve documents the Reflected XSS vulnerability in the Narnoo Operator WordPress plugin version 2.0.0.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Narnoo Narnoo Operator narnoo-shortcodes allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Narnoo Operator: from n/a through <= 2.0.0.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin enables exploitation of public-facing applications (T1190) and requires user execution via malicious link (T1204.001) for arbitrary script execution in browser context.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-22765Shared CWE-79
CVE-2024-13885Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23645Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24017Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-24544Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-68037Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23725Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22357Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-24955Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23834Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

SI-2 requires timely identification, reporting, and correction of the specific reflected XSS flaw in Narnoo Operator plugin versions through <=2.0.0, eliminating the vulnerability at its root.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

SI-15 mandates filtering and encoding of information outputs during web page generation by the narnoo-shortcodes component, directly neutralizing malicious input to prevent reflected XSS execution.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

SI-10 enforces validation of untrusted user inputs at entry points to the narnoo-shortcodes component, blocking malicious payloads before they can be reflected in web pages.

References