Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23904

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0035 57.6th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23904 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Browser Session Hijacking (T1185); ranked in the top 42.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23904 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the rebrand-fluent-forms WordPress plugin developed by rebrandpress under the name Rebrand Fluent Forms. This issue affects all versions from n/a through 1.0 inclusive, as published on 2025-03-03.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and user interaction such as clicking a malicious link. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit it by delivering reflected payloads through web page generation, achieving low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability within a changed security scope, such as session hijacking or script execution in the victim's browser context on the affected site.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/rebrand-fluent-forms/vulnerability/wordpress-rebrand-fluent-forms-plugin-1-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve documents this WordPress plugin vulnerability and associated details.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in rebrandpress Rebrand Fluent Forms rebrand-fluent-forms allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Rebrand Fluent Forms: from n/a through <= 1.0.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1185 Browser Session Hijacking Collection
Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.
attack.mitre.org →
T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access
Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS enables malicious link delivery (T1566.002) resulting in browser session hijacking via script execution (T1185).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-23547Shared CWE-79
CVE-2024-47002Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-67978Shared CWE-79
CVE-2024-13919Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22498Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22754Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22682Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23593Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-22760Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-67971Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

Directly addresses improper neutralization of input during web page generation by filtering outputs to prevent reflected XSS payload execution in the victim's browser.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Validates untrusted user inputs to reject or sanitize malicious scripts before they are reflected in web pages, mitigating the root cause of this CWE-79 vulnerability.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Ensures timely remediation of the specific reflected XSS flaw in the rebrand-fluent-forms WordPress plugin through patching affected versions up to 1.0.

References