Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-23904

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0035 57.2th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23904 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Browser Session Hijacking (T1185); ranked in the top 42.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Browser Session Hijacking (T1185) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly addresses improper neutralization of input during web page generation by filtering outputs to prevent reflected XSS payload execution in the victim's browser.

prevent

Validates untrusted user inputs to reject or sanitize malicious scripts before they are reflected in web pages, mitigating the root cause of this CWE-79 vulnerability.

prevent

Ensures timely remediation of the specific reflected XSS flaw in the rebrand-fluent-forms WordPress plugin through patching affected versions up to 1.0.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1185 Browser Session Hijacking Collection
Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.
T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Access
Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems.
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS enables malicious link delivery (T1566.002) resulting in browser session hijacking via script execution (T1185).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in rebrandpress Rebrand Fluent Forms rebrand-fluent-forms allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Rebrand Fluent Forms: from n/a through <= 1.0.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-23904 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the rebrand-fluent-forms WordPress plugin developed by rebrandpress under the name Rebrand Fluent Forms. This issue affects all versions from n/a through 1.0 inclusive, as published on 2025-03-03.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and user interaction such as clicking a malicious link. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit it by delivering reflected payloads through web page generation, achieving low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability within a changed security scope, such as session hijacking or script execution in the victim's browser context on the affected site.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/rebrand-fluent-forms/vulnerability/wordpress-rebrand-fluent-forms-plugin-1-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve documents this WordPress plugin vulnerability and associated details.

Details

CWE(s)

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2026-28110Shared CWE-79

References