Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-28010

MediumPublic PoC

Published: 13 March 2025

Published
13 March 2025
Modified
03 April 2025
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 5.4 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0019 40.6th percentile
Risk Priority 11 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28010 is a medium-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability in Modx Modx. Its CVSS base score is 5.4 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique SVG Smuggling (T1027.017); ranked at the 40.6th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability has been identified in MODX prior to 3.1.0. The vulnerability allows authenticated users to upload SVG files containing malicious JavaScript code as profile images, which gets executed in victims' browsers when viewing the profile image.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1027.017 SVG Smuggling Stealth
Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign SVG files.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1555.003 Credentials from Web Browsers Credential Access
Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

The stored XSS via SVG profile image upload enables SVG smuggling (T1027.017), JavaScript execution (T1059.007), drive-by compromise (T1189), public-facing app exploitation (T1190), and facilitates stealing session cookies (T1539) or browser credentials (T1555.003) using injected JS.

Affected Assets

modx
modx
≤ 3.1.0

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

CA-8 Penetration Testing
addresses: CWE-79

Penetration testing submits XSS payloads to web applications, detecting cross-site scripting flaws for subsequent remediation.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-79

Validates web inputs to reject script-related content that could produce XSS.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering
addresses: CWE-79

Output validation against expected content can reject or sanitize script content in generated web pages, reducing XSS exploitability.

References