Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NSummary
CVE-2025-28091 is a critical-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Maccms Maccms. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 35th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-28091 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability, classified under CWE-918, affecting maccms10 version 2025.1000.4047. The issue arises via the Add Article functionality, allowing forged requests from the server side. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (Critical), with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N, indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, unchanged impact scope, high confidentiality and integrity impacts, and no availability impact. The vulnerability was published on 2025-03-28.
Any unauthenticated attacker with network access can exploit this SSRF vulnerability remotely. By leveraging the Add Article feature, an attacker can trick the server into making unauthorized requests, potentially accessing internal services, bypassing firewalls, or interacting with resources not directly exposed to the internet. Successful exploitation enables high-level confidentiality breaches, such as reading sensitive data, and integrity violations, like modifying internal states, without disrupting availability.
Mitigation details and additional technical analysis are provided in advisories at https://www.yuque.com/morysummer/vx41bz/ax55rxv4u3our1ic and https://www.yuque.com/morysummer/vx41bz/xo5w1euakvtgenex. Security practitioners should review these for patching instructions or workarounds specific to maccms10.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-8658
Vulnerability Data
maccms10 v2025.1000.4047 has a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability via Add Article.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.3.6V1.5.3V5.3.2V10.4.7
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Information flow enforcement can restrict which destinations the server is allowed to contact on behalf of users.
Input validation directly stops untrusted URLs from being accepted and fetched without destination checks.
Boundary protection limits the network reach of server-initiated requests even if SSRF occurs.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure development practices directly include input validation and destination allow-listing that prevent SSRF.
Runtime monitoring of web applications and services can detect anomalous outbound requests indicative of SSRF.
Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.
Network segmentation and egress controls can limit the damage from successful SSRF requests.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Operational threat data describing SSRF campaigns can be used to tighten outbound-request allow-lists and detection rules before attackers exploit them.