Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-44868

RCE in Wavlink Wl-Wn530H4 Firmware 20220801

Public PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
02 May 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.025 84th percentile
Risk Priority 80 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2025-44868 is a critical-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn530H4 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 16% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Wavlink WL-WN530H4 firmware dated 20220801 contains a command injection vulnerability in the ping_test function of adm.cgi that is triggered through the pingIp parameter. The flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-44868 and assigned CWE-77, permits unauthenticated remote attackers to supply crafted input that results in execution of arbitrary operating-system commands. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.

An attacker with network reachability to the device can submit a malicious HTTP request to the administrative CGI endpoint and obtain command execution. Successful exploitation yields full control over the router, enabling actions such as configuration changes, traffic interception, persistence installation, or lateral movement within the attached network.

Public references consist of proof-of-concept repositories that demonstrate the injection vector but contain no vendor advisory, firmware update, or mitigation guidance. The EPSS score rose from lower values to a peak of 0.1000 on 2026-04-16 before receding to the current 0.0435, indicating measurable post-disclosure exploitation interest that later subsided.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Wavlink WL-WN530H4 20220801 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the ping_test function of the adm.cgi via the pingIp parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.

CWE(s)
CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2020-13117Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-10193Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-39759Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-39781Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-39761Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-39760Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-48705Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-50756Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-39367Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2024-39763Same vendor: Wavlink

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-wn530h4 firmware
20220801

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V1.2.9

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops construction of commands from untrusted data containing special elements.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and neutralization that prevent command injection.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches command-injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and command construction practices that directly prevent command injection.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection flaws including command injection.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the attack surface but do not prescribe the specific neutralization techniques needed.

References