Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-44877

CriticalPublic PoCRCE

Published: 02 May 2025

Published
02 May 2025
Modified
27 May 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0588 90.8th percentile
Risk Priority 23 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-44877 is a critical-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Tenda Ac9 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 9.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

Tenda AC9 firmware version V15.03.06.42_multi contains a command-injection flaw (CWE-77) in the formSetSambaConf function that processes the usbname parameter. The vulnerability received a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible exploitation without authentication or user interaction and full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An unauthenticated attacker can submit a crafted HTTP request to the affected endpoint and execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the same privileges as the web-server process, typically enabling persistent control of the router, traffic interception, or use of the device as an attack pivot.

Public references consist solely of proof-of-concept repositories that demonstrate the injection vector; no vendor advisory or firmware patch is referenced in the available materials. The EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.1396 on 2026-04-16 before receding to 0.0588, indicating a measurable increase in exploitation interest after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Tenda AC9 V15.03.06.42_multi was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the formSetSambaConf function via the usbname parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.

CWE(s)
CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

The command injection vulnerability in the web management interface (formSetSambaConf via usbname) enables exploitation of a public-facing application (T1190) to execute arbitrary Unix shell commands on the Linux-based router (T1059.004).

Affected Assets

tenda
ac9 firmware
15.03.06.42_multi

Mitigating Controls

No mitigating controls mapped yet. The per-CVE control annotator has not reached this CVE.

References