Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-45311

High

Published: 26 November 2025

Published
26 November 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0009 26.4th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-45311 is a high-severity Incorrect Privilege Assignment (CWE-266) vulnerability in Packetstorm (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, ranked at the 26.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Insecure permissions in fail2ban-client v0.11.2 allows attackers with limited sudo privileges to perform arbitrary operations as root. NOTE: this is disputed by multiple parties because the action for a triggered rule can legitimately be an arbitrary operation as root. Thus,…

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the software is behaving in accordance with its intended privilege model.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

Packetstorm
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-266

Designation of a manager and policy dissemination ensures privileges are assigned according to defined roles.

addresses: CWE-266

Regular reviews catch incorrect privilege assignments to users, roles, or processes.

addresses: CWE-266

Explicitly specifying privileges and group/role memberships for accounts reduces the risk of incorrect privilege assignments.

addresses: CWE-266

The control requires explicit definition of separated access authorizations, making incorrect privilege assignments that bundle conflicting duties harder to implement.

addresses: CWE-266

Ensures privileges are assigned only as necessary rather than incorrectly over-granted.

References