Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-45479

CriticalPublic PoCRCE

Published: 07 July 2025

Published
07 July 2025
Modified
10 October 2025
KEV Added
—
Patch
—
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0118 79.1th percentile
Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-45479 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Educoder Challenges. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 20.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-45479 is an insufficient security mechanisms vulnerability affecting educoder challenges v1.0. The flaw resides in the handling of created containers and is tracked under CWE-94, enabling arbitrary code execution when crafted content is injected into a container. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can supply malicious content that bypasses container safeguards, resulting in arbitrary code execution with full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system.

Public references point to a detailed report in the YX-hueimie/CVE-Issues repository on GitHub along with the vendor site at educoder.net, though no specific patch or mitigation guidance is stated in the available information. The associated EPSS score remains flat at 0.0118 with no material increase observed since disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Insufficient security mechanisms for created containers in educoder challenges v1.0 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code via injecting crafted content into a container.

CWE(s)
CWE-94

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1611 Escape to Host Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may break out of a container or virtualized environment to gain access to the underlying host.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability enables exploitation of a public-facing application (educoder challenges) for initial access via arbitrary code execution (T1190). Insufficient container security mechanisms facilitate container escapes to the host by allowing injection of crafted content for code execution (T1611).

Affected Assets

educoder
challenges
1.0

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-34 Non-modifiable Executable Programs
addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

SC-44 Detonation Chambers
addresses: CWE-94

Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-94

Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.

SI-16 Memory Protection
addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

References